Physical Properties of Polymers james mark
Physical Properties of Polymers james mark
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS
The third edition of this well-known textbook discusses the diverse physical states and associated properties of polymeric materials. The contents of the book have been conveniently divided into two general parts, “Physical states of polymers” and “Some characterization techniques.” This third edition, written by seven leading figures in the polymer-science community, has been thoroughly updated and expanded. As in the second edition, all of the chapters contain general introductory material and comprehensive literature
citations designed to give newcomers to the field an appreciation of the subject and how it fits into the general context of polymer science. The third edition of Physical Properties of Polymers provides enough core material for a one-semester survey course at the advanced undergraduate or graduate
level.
Professor James E. Mark is a consultative editor for the Cambridge polymer
science list.
Contents
Part I Physical states of polymers 1
1 The rubber elastic state, James E. Mark 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Theory 12
1.3 Some experimental details 19
1.4 Comparisons between theory and experiment 22
1.5 Some unusual networks 31
1.6 Networks at very high deformations 35
1.7 Other types of deformation 46
1.8 Gel collapse 49
1.9 Energy storage and hysteresis 50
1.10 Bioelastomers 52
1.11 Filled networks 54
1.12 New developments in processing 60
1.13 Societal aspects 60
1.14 Current problems and new directions 60
1.15 Numerical problems 62
1.16 Solutions to numerical problems 62
Acknowledgments 63
References 63
Further reading 70
2 The glass transition and the glassy state, Kia L. Ngai 72
2.1 Introduction 72
2.2 The phenomenology of the glass transition 75
2.3 Models of the glass transition 94
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viii Contents
2.4 Dependences of Tg on various parameters 101
2.5 Structural relaxation in polymers above Tg 114
2.6 The impact on viscoelasticity 127
2.7 Conclusion 144
Acknowledgments 146
References 146
3 Viscoelasticity and flow in polymeric liquids,
William W. Graessley 153
3.1 Introduction 153
3.2 Concepts and definitions 154
3.3 Linear viscoelasticity 159
3.4 Nonlinear viscoelasticity 170
3.5 Structure–property relationships 184
3.6 Summary 205
References 206
4 The crystalline state, Leo Mandelkern 209
4.1 Introduction 209
4.2 The thermodynamics of crystallization–melting
of homopolymers 212
4.3 Melting of copolymers 217
4.4 Crystallization kinetics 245
4.5 Structure and morphology 267
4.6 Properties 295
4.7 General conclusions 307
References 308
Further reading 315
5 The mesomorphic state, Edward T. Samulski 316
5.1 Introduction 316
5.2 General concepts 316
5.3 Monomer liquid crystals 333
5.4 Macromolecular mesomorphism 353
5.5 Theories of mesomorphism 364
Acknowledgment 376
References 376
Part II Some characterization techniques 381
6 The application of molecular spectroscopy to
characterization of polymers, Jack L. Koenig 383
6.1 Introduction 383
6.2 Vibrational techniques 384
Contents ix
6.3 Infrared spectroscopy 387
6.4 Raman spectroscopy 397
6.5 Nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy 406
6.6 Mass spectroscopy 419
References 422
7 Small-angle-neutron-scattering characterization
of polymers, George D. Wignall 424
7.1 Introduction 424
7.2 Elements of neutron-scattering theory 437
7.3 Contrast and deuterium labeling 444
7.4 SANS instrumentation 451
7.5 Practical considerations 457
7.6 Some applications of scattering techniques to polymers 468
7.7 Future directions 502
Acknowledgments 504
References 504
